Calculators for RC time constants, RLC resonance, transformers, AC RMS, decibels, op-amps, BJT bias, diodes, and heat sinks.
Calculate RC time constant (τ = R·C) and capacitor charge/discharge percentages at specified time intervals.
Calculate resonant frequency f = 1/(2π√LC), inductive/capacitive reactances, Q-factor, and bandwidth for RLC circuits.
Calculate transformer relationships between primary/secondary voltages, turns count (Np:Ns), currents, and VA power rating.
Convert between RMS voltage, Peak voltage, Peak-to-Peak voltage, and Average voltage for sine, square, and triangle waves.
Calculate electromagnetic wavelength λ = c/f and period T from frequency with conductor velocity factor adjustments.
Calculate decibel (dB) voltage ratios (20 log) and power ratios (10 log) for gain and attenuation measurements.
Calculate closed-loop gain and output voltage for ideal inverting, non-inverting, follower, and differential op-amp circuits.
Calculate Q-point operating parameters (Vb, Ve, Vc, Ic, Vce) for BJT voltage divider bias and fixed bias configurations.
Calculate series current-limiting resistor, diode forward power dissipation, and voltage drop for rectifier and signal diodes.
Estimate required heat sink thermal resistance θ_SA (°C/W) and junction temperature from power dissipation and ambient temp.